BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

BRAIN: its organization 1)5)

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The main parts of the brain are the following (for locations see fig.)

The definitions are from J. ECCLES (J.E.)(1977), or from the American Heritage Dictionary (AHD), (1978 ed.)

- Archicortex: the ancient part of the cerebral cortex; it includes the hippocampus (J.E. p. 234)

- Cerebellum: the brain structure responsible for regulation and coordination of complex voluntary movements (AHD, p. 219)

- Cerebral cortex: the extensive outer layer of gray tissue of the cerebral hemispheres, largely responsable for higher nervous functions

- Cerebro-cerebellar pathways: the complex pathways linking the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum in both directions (J.E. p. 234)

- Cerebrum: the main structure of the brain occupying most of the cranial cavity and divided into two cerebral hemisphers (AHD, p. 219)

- Corpus callosum: the tract of nerve fibers connecting the cerebral hemispheres (J.E. p. 235)

- Hippocampus: one of two ridges along each lateral ventricle of the brain (AHD, p. 624)

- Hypothalamus: a deep laying part of the cerebral cortex, concerned in visceral control , f. ex. in relation to temperature, salt, water, food, endocrines, and mood (J.E. p. 238)

- Medulla oblongata: the nervous tissue at the bottom of the brain that controls respiration, circulation and certain other bodily functions (AHD, p. 816)

- Neo-cortex: the most recently developed part of the cerebral cortex, composing the cerebral hemispheres (J .E., p. 236) The neo-cortex includes an enormous array of interconnected neurons

- Thalamus: the massive collection of nerve cells deep to the cerebral cortex, in part concerned with transmission of cutaneous sense to the cerebrum.

- Ventricle: a small anatomical cavity in the brain (AHD, p.1421)

A part of the thalamus (called ventrolateral) is specially concerned by the transmission from the cerebrum to the cerebellum (J.E. p. 243)

This is of course a very simplified and sketchy description of the brain's structures.

For much better information see f. ex. J. ECCLES (1978), J.Z. YOUNG (1978) here also used, or some more recent work, as for ex. R. CARTER (1998)

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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