BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

RELIGION: A systemic view 1)4)

Many authors have insisted on the etimology meaning of religion: re-ligere which means basically "interconnect".

From such a viewpoint, religion is a typical systemic social device, of a universal character.

All religions creeds, of whatever kind, offer similar characteristic traits:

- offering a set of beliefs, values, commandments, myths, ritual practices and standardized behaviors

- imposing them as conditions to become and remain a member of the religious bethren

- excluding as "heretics", "infidels", or "renegates" those individuals who do not adhere to or do question the credo

It is thus clear that:

- the basic elements of any credo lead to an also basic psychological similarity among millions of individuals

- such uniformity fosters a sense of community membership in the thus conditioned individuals

- the shared credo creates specific community structures and ushers ordered collective behaviors

- those individuals who do not share the credo are generally excluded from the community and easily become rejected outcasts and may even be killed.

On the other hand, the existence of different religious groups of such characteristics explains rivalries, proselytism, fundamentalism, fanaticism and culture conflicts

Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]


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