BCSSS

International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics

2nd Edition, as published by Charles François 2004 Presented by the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science Vienna for public access.

About

The International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics was first edited and published by the system scientist Charles François in 1997. The online version that is provided here was based on the 2nd edition in 2004. It was uploaded and gifted to the center by ASC president Michael Lissack in 2019; the BCSSS purchased the rights for the re-publication of this volume in 200?. In 2018, the original editor expressed his wish to pass on the stewardship over the maintenance and further development of the encyclopedia to the Bertalanffy Center. In the future, the BCSSS seeks to further develop the encyclopedia by open collaboration within the systems sciences. Until the center has found and been able to implement an adequate technical solution for this, the static website is made accessible for the benefit of public scholarship and education.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z

REFERENCE FRAME 3)

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The coordinated set of relations between elements, usable for the comprehensive representation of more numerous or extended elements of knowledge.

The progressive construction of reference frames is a significant part of any learning process, be it in natural or in artificial intelligent systems (see "connection machine").

The Spanish neurologist J.M.R. DELGADO observes that: "Skills are not unveiled, because thy do not preexist. Their neural mechanisms, including the frames of reference, must be constructed within the brain. Motor coordination and skillful performance do not emerge from the brain, but must be absorbed by it through the experiences and information provided by sensory inputs" (1993, p.302).

Reference frames are a result of specific constraints which result, and later on, lead to rewards considered positive and to the construction of interpretation codes, i.e. More constraints. However, once established, reference frames become autopoietic, by some self-replication process, not yet very clearly understood.

Writings, semantic and grammatical rules, scientific theories, religious symbols, and ideologies are reference frames (irrespective to our evaluation of the same).

They are kinds of open algorithms: they do not allow to discover some interpretation for something that they do not contain at least in an implicit form, but they permit nevertheless an enormous combinatory wealth.

They build up by constraints on the initial potential variety of the system (See "order from noise") and act as global transducers.

G. PASK states: "Although the reference frame depends upon the observer, his choice is conditioned by all his previous experience and by convention" (1961a, p. 121).

As noted by PASK, in science, the consensual selection of reference frames allows for comparable measurements and communicability of results (Ibid).

From the systemic viewpoint :"The reference frame itself is a system. It satisfies a definition proposed by Colin CHERRY that a system is an 'ensemble of attributes'" (Ibid., p.23).

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Categories

  • 1) General information
  • 2) Methodology or model
  • 3) Epistemology, ontology and semantics
  • 4) Human sciences
  • 5) Discipline oriented

Publisher

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science(2020).

To cite this page, please use the following information:

Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (2020). Title of the entry. In Charles François (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Systems and Cybernetics (2). Retrieved from www.systemspedia.org/[full/url]

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